How Effective is Ritalin for ADHD?

Ritalin is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for managing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a condition that affects attention, impulse control and activity levels in both children and adults.

For most people, Ritalin is remarkably effective at improving ADHD symptoms- improving concentration, hyperactivity control and daily function at school, work or home.

But how does ritalin work for adhd? And how effective is ritalin treatment for adhd?

When you come across the various formulations, doses, and treatment responses, it can be overwhelming to understand Ritalin and its treatment for ADHD.

In this Meds for Less article we cover everything from how Ritalin works as a stimulant medication, its timing and duration, its different formulations and who it might be best suitable for. This should help you make an informed decision about managing ADHD, either for yourself or a loved one.

How Ritalin Works in the Brain

Ritalin acts as a stimulant in your nervous system and aims to boost levels of concentration, impulse control and focus by regulating the levels of important chemicals in your brain- dopamine and noradrenaline.

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter responsible for pleasure seeking, attention span and controlling movement.

Noradrenaline is a nervous system stimulant.

What does ritalin do for adhd?

Ritalin works by preventing the reuptake of dopamine and noradrenaline and therefore increases their levels in the brain.

This allows the neurotransmitters to act for longer and helps improve concentration, focus and hyperactivity control.

These changes mostly occur within the prefrontal cortex, the area of the brain responsible for executive functions like decision-making, attention, and self-control. These areas are typically underactive in people with ADHD.

By making it easier to concentrate, fidget less and control impulsive behaviour, adhd treatment with ritalin can help you focus better at school or while at work.

How Fast and How Long Does Ritalin Work?

The onset of Ritalin’s action and how long it lasts for depends on the version of Ritalin. The list below summarises these differences.

• Immediate Release (IR) Ritalin: Starts working after 30-45 minutes and lasts 3-4 hours.
• Focalin: is another form which contains Ritalin’s active ingredient (methylphenidate). Its onset is 30-45 minutes and its duration is also up to 4 hours.
• Long-Acting (LA or SR- sustained release): Onset is about 1 hour and effects last 6-8 hours or longer.
• Extended-Release (e.g Concerta): Concerta is one of the longest-acting medications. This variation offers a smoother release across 8-12 hours- the equivalent of 2 or 3 Ritalin IR tablets.
• Transdermal Patch (Daytrana): This is a methylphenidate patch (Ritalin’s active ingredient). It takes about 2 hours to begin working and can last up to 9-12 hours. This is a good alternative for children who dislike swallowing tablets, however, it is worth considering some children with ADHD can be touch-sensitive to having a patch on their skin and would rather avoid it.

This table also summarises the forms of Ritalin, their onset, duration and key features.

Therefore, one effect of ritalin as a treatment for adhd is that it quickly begins to work, and has different forms which can match your daily needs.

How Effective Is Ritalin for Different Age Groups?

Ritalin is especially effective in school-aged children (about 6-12 years of age).

Ritalin has been used for young children (around kindergarten age and older) since as early as the 1960s.

Research studies have shown that Ritalin remarkably improves ADHD symptoms in young children, allowing them to perform better academically, focus while learning and cause less classroom disruption. Ritalin has also demonstrated positive long-term effects on children’s brain function and ADHD severity.

Still, this still poses the question: how effective is ritalin for adhd in adults?

Ritalin has proven clinical benefits for adults and adolescents and demonstrates an effective response rate too.

Ritalin helps to manage ADHD complications such as reduced attention span, time management and impulse control. This helps adults perform better at work and meet workday demands.

While Ritalin is largely favoured as an ADHD treatment for its effectiveness and tolerance, there are many factors which can influence its effectiveness. Co-existing conditions, lifestyle factors, and individual differences can all impact a person’s response to treatment, and like any medication, Ritalin does have potential side effects:

• Headaches
• Insomnia
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Reduced appetite

When Is Ritalin Prescribed – And When It’s Not

Ritalin is a prescription medication. This means ADHD must be diagnosed through a clinical evaluation by a medical professional. You, your family members or someone who has known you since young may be asked about relevant ADHD symptoms or presentations you may have.

Ritalin won’t be prescribed to you if you have certain risks, such as:

• Allergies to methylphenidate or other ingredients in Ritalin
• History of heart problems or high blood pressure
• Hyperthyroidism
• Adrenal gland tumour
• Have substance abuse problems, e.g drugs or alcohol
• Epilepsy
• History of tics or severe anxiety, which can be exacerbated by stimulants
• Family history of Tourette’s syndrome or other mental health problems
• Have a risk of glaucoma
• If you are pregnant, suspected pregnangt or currently breastfeeding

Unfortunately Ritalin and other prescription medications for ADHD and Narcolepsy are not available for sale at Meds for Less, however we do stock a range of medications for chronic conditions, just not ADHD.

As always, if you have any concerns about taking Ritalin and any risks, consult your doctor or pharmacist to discuss options with you.

Comparing Ritalin Formulations: IR, LA, Patch, etc

The formulation of Ritalin can determine the dosage, personal effectiveness and suitability for you. There are immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (XR) forms available. While immediate-release forms act faster than XR (30 minutes vs 1 hour), their effects don’t last as long (4 hours vs up to 12 hours).

Some forms may also be easier to consume if you have troubles swallowing tablets, examples such as IR Ritanil and Focalin can be crushed and swallowed with soft foods like yoghurt or honey.

The table below further highlights the different kinds of Ritalin and their features.

Is Ritalin Safe for Long-Term Use?

To address one of the key concerns: is ritalin safe for adhd, especially long-term?

Ritalin is generally safe while treating ADHD long-term, especially when being monitored for potential side effects.

While taking Ritalin, your doctor may monitor side effects such as:

• Increased blood pressure or heart rate
• Sleep disturbances
• Mood changes or anxiety
• Reduced appetite
• Headaches
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea

While side effects aren’t widely common, regular check-ups may include blood pressure and heart rate measurements, as well as growth tracking in children.

What to Expect in the First Weeks of Treatment

It may take a few weeks before Ritalin begins to work completely.

Finding the most suitable dose and form may take some time (a trial and adjustment method), but once you do, Ritalin should start to work 30-45 minutes after taking it.

Your doctor may start you on a typical dose of standard Ritalin at 5mg taken 2-3 times a day. They will then gradually increase your dose to a level which is most effective for you.

Extended-release tablet doses are typically 18mg and taken once a day.

A brief outline of what to expect in the first few weeks is highlighted below.

Weeks 1-2:

• Starting dose (5mg on standard Ritalin, 2-3 times a day)
• Keep track of any noticeable changes or effects in the first few days as your body adjusts to it
• Side effects to look out for include: reduced appetite, headache, disturbed sleep, nausea, abdominal pain and heart palpitations

Weeks 3-4:

• Your doctor may adjust your dosage based on your response and tolerability
• Your body should adjust to potential side effects
• You may start to notice improvements in ADHD symptoms, such as focus improvement, task completion, and attention.

Helpful tips:

• Keep a symptom journal to hand where you record daily changes in symptoms or side effects that you notice
• Keep your doctor or healthcare provider well informed and regularly
• Try to maintain healthy lifestyle factors such as good sleep and diet

While taking Ritalin, it may also be recommended to receive behavioural therapy, coaching, or counselling to optimise the best outcomes for you.